Maternal and fetal outcomes across clinical severity groups in preeclampsia and eclampsia

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are associated with maternal morbidity, impaired fetal growth and early delivery. Outcome estimates require separation of disease severity, clinical management and the underlying obstetric case mix. Objective: To compare selected maternal and fetal outcomes across four clinical groups in a single-centre thesis cohort.

Methods: The cross-sectional cohort comprised 120 normotensive controls and 40 pregnancies each classified as mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia at Index Medical College and Hospitals, Indore. Frequencies were transcribed from the final thesis. Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were recalculated from the event counts. Analyses were unadjusted; seven outcome-level comparisons were evaluated with Holm adjustment.

Results: Preterm delivery occurred in 11.7%, 45.0%, 57.5% and 75.0% of the four groups, respectively. Recorded fetal growth restriction occurred in 14.2%, 32.5%, 45.0% and 55.0%; birth weight below 2500 g in 29.2%, 45.0%, 75.0% and 87.5%. Relative to controls, the eclampsia group had crude odds ratios of

22.71 (95% CI 9.17–56.27) for preterm delivery, 7.41 (3.30–16.60) for recorded growth restriction and

17.00 (6.15–46.97) for low birth weight. Postpartum haemorrhage was recorded in 6.7%, 15.0%, 30.0% and 35.0%. Baseline differences included primigravidity and antenatal-care attendance.

Conclusion: The source cohort shows substantial gradients in adverse outcomes across clinical groups. The results are descriptive associations, not adjusted risks or estimates of treatment effects. Eligibility conflicts, endpoint definitions and neonatal denominators require verification before final submission.

Keywords: preeclampsia; eclampsia; preterm delivery; fetal growth restriction; low birth weight; obstetric haemorrhage