Association of Serum Adiponectin with Glycemic Control and Renal Injury Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease

https://doi.org/10.66715/jsccr/2026.v3.i2.5867 | Original Research | 2026 | Volume-3 | Issue-2 | Page 59-67

1. Mr. Rahul Sharma, PhD Medical Biochemistry Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Malwanchal University, Indore

2. Dr. Shreya Nigoskar, Prof. & Head, Department of Biochemistry, Index Medical College

   Hospital and Research Centre, Malwanchal University, Indore

Association of Serum Adiponectin with Glycemic Control and Renal Injury Biomarkers in Type.

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Abstract

Background: Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is one of the most common and debilitating microvascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), contributing significantly to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine with anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and renoprotective properties, has emerged as a potential biomarker associated with metabolic dysfunction and renal injury in diabetic patients. However, its relationship with glycemic control and novel renal injury biomarkers remains incompletely understood, particularly in the Indian population.

Objective: To evaluate the association of serum adiponectin levels with glycemic control and renal injury biomarkers in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included healthy controls, T2DM patients without nephropathy, and T2DM patients with diabetic kidney disease. Clinical and biochemical parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were assessed. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Renal injury biomarkers including urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1), Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), and N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) were also evaluated. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine associations between adiponectin and metabolic as well as renal parameters.

Results: Serum adiponectin levels were significantly altered among the study groups and showed a progressive increase in patients with diabetic kidney disease compared with diabetic patients without nephropathy and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Serum adiponectin demonstrated significant positive correlations with urinary KIM-1, NGAL, NAG, UACR, serum creatinine, and duration of diabetes (p < 0.01). Conversely, significant negative correlations were observed between adiponectin and eGFR (r = −0.62, p < 0.001). Higher adiponectin levels were also associated with poor glycemic control, as evidenced by positive correlations with FBG and HbA1c. Multivariate regression analysis identified serum adiponectin as an independent predictor of early renal injury in T2DM patients.

Conclusion: Serum adiponectin is significantly associated