A Comparative Study of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Examining Differences in Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Recovery Outcomes, and Healthcare Costs.

2025, January, Volume 2, Issue 1, Page: 14-20

A Comparative Study of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Examining Differences in Risk Facto.

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1. Mr. Manoj Kumar, M. Pharma (Pharmacology) Student, SRK University, Bhopal, MP, India

2. Dr. Girish Vyas, Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmacology, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India

3. Dr. Abhimanu Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Jakir Hussain Medical College and Research Institute, Raghunathganj, West-Bengal, India. (Corresponding Author)

Abstract:

Background: Stroke remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes representing the primary subtypes. Delineating their distinct risk factors, clinical presentations, recovery rates, and cost burden is essential for optimizing patient care and healthcare resource allocation.

Aim: To comparatively evaluate the risk factors, clinical presentations, recovery rates, and cost burden associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted on 300 stroke patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, adhering to predefined inclusion criteria. Comprehensive demographic data, clinical presentations, comorbid conditions, and treatment costs were collected. Daily inpatient progress was reviewed to assess recovery rates. The cost burden was calculated based on prescription costs for anti-stroke and other medications over a 5-day inpatient period and for outpatient prescriptions.

Results: Of the 300 participants, 192 (64%) were diagnosed with ischemic stroke and 108 (36%) with hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity, affecting 72% of ischemic stroke patients and 68% of hemorrhagic stroke patients. Clinical presentations differed, with hemiparesis being the most common symptom in ischemic strokes (45%) and severe headaches more frequent in hemorrhagic strokes (52%). Recovery rates were higher in ischemic stroke patients, with 70% showing significant improvement compared to 58% of hemorrhagic stroke patients within the study period. The mean inpatient prescription cost over 5 days was 973.4 INR for general drugs and 679.24 INR for stroke-specific therapies. The mean outpatient prescription cost was 98.73 INR for stroke-specific drugs and 18.3 INR for other medications.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant differences in risk factors, clinical presentations, recovery rates, and cost burden between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Addressing these disparities can facilitate the development of tailored therapeutic strategies, improve patient outcomes, and optimize healthcare resource utilization.

Keywords: Cerebrovascular accidents, Ischemic stroke, Hemorrhagic stroke, Recovery rates, Clinical presentation, Risk factors."